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Delaware Statutory Trust

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Delaware Statutory Trust

What is a Delaware Statutory Trust (DST)?

A DST is a separate legal entity created as a trust under Delaware statutory law. The law permits a very flexible approach to the design and operations of a DST. However, to use a DST in a Section 1031 syndication program, it must comply with the requirements of IRS Revenue Ruling 2004-86 and must also (if the DST’s property is debt financed) meet lender requirements. To satisfy these requirements, each of our DSTs must:
  • be a Special Purpose Entity (SPE);
  • be bankruptcy remote; and
  • be a very passive holder of real estate, with minimal trustee powers over the operation of the DST’s real estate, and no powers over the DST or its real estate at all in the hands of the DST’s beneficiaries.
Unlike a TIC transaction, there is no need to set up individual single member limited liability companies (SMLLC) for each investor. Each investor owns a beneficial interest (BI) in the DST, which shields the investor from any liabilities with respect to the property. This ownership arrangement is much simpler than a TIC arrangement for investors to understand, and saves the investors substantial money with respect to the formation costs and annual fees.
There are also substantial governance differences between a TIC transaction and a DST transaction. Unlike a TIC transaction, which requires the investors vote unanimously for all major decisions, a BI holder in a DST is not permitted to vote. This eliminates the concern over the “rogue investor.” Because there is a single borrower — the DST — and not 25 or 30 separate SMLLC borrowers as in a typical TIC transaction, there should be no need for the sponsor to have to collect, or for the lender to have to review, investor tax returns, financial statements, and credit authorizations.
In addition, because the investors have no role whatsoever in the management of the DST or its real estate, the investors should not be required to execute any nonrecourse carve out indemnifications or guaranties.
Generally, a TIC structure is limited to 35 investors or less. This is a product of both Revenue Procedure 2002-22 relating to permitted TIC deal structure and from the fact that lenders wish to limit the amount of individual loans they are making in a TIC deal. There is no such limitation on the number of permitted beneficiaries in a DST deal, and because DST deals involve only a single borrower, lenders should be indifferent to the number of investors in a DST deal. A DST will permit a beneficiary to do a tax free exchange on its pro rata share of the DST property when it is sold. Since a DST transaction is less complicated and the lenders have better protection from potential bad acts of the investors, the availability and terms of financing are much more favorable for DST transactions than TIC transactions.

IRS Requirement Causing Lender Concerns

IRS Revenue Ruling 2004-86, which forms the basis for DST transactions, sets forth prohibitions on the powers of the trustee, which have become known as the “seven deadly sins.” They are:
  • Once the offering is closed, there can be no future capital contributions to the DST by either current or new beneficiaries.
  • The trustee cannot renegotiate the terms of the existing mortgage loans nor can it obtain any new mortgage financing from any party except where a property tenant is bankrupt or insolvent.
  • The trustee cannot enter into new leases or renegotiate existing leases except where a property tenant is bankrupt or insolvent.
  • The trustee cannot reinvest the proceeds from the sale of its real estate.
  • The trustee is limited to making the following types of capital expenditures with respect to the property: (a) expenditures for normal repair and maintenance of the property, (b) expenditures for minor nonstructural capital improvements of the property, and (c) expenditures for repairs or improvements required by law.
  • Any cash held between distribution dates can only be invested in short-term debt obligations, and
  • All cash, other than necessary reserves, must be distributed on a current basis.
Because of these restrictions, the only types of real estate transactions that will work in a DST are a “master lease” transaction, in which the master tenant takes on all leasing and other property operation responsibilities or, a triple-net long-term lease to quality tenant.

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Robert S. Smith

of Peregrine Private Capital Corporation, is a Financial Professional with Emerson Equity LLC

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  • Peregrine Private Capital | Lake Oswego
  • 22210 NE Sunnycrest Road
    Newberg, Oregon 97132
  • (503) 241-4949
Peregrine Private Capital and Emerson Equity LLC do not provide legal or tax advice. Please speak to your tax and / or financial professional prior to investing. All investing involves risk. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Securities offered through Emerson Equity LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC  and MSRB registered. Emerson Equity LLC is unaffiliated with any entity herein.
1031 Risk Disclosure:
  • There is no guarantee that any strategy will be successful or achieve investment objectives;
  • Potential for property value loss – All real estate investments have the potential to lose value during the life of the investments;
  • Change of tax status – The income stream and depreciation schedule for any investment property may affect the property owner’s income bracket and/or tax status. An unfavorable tax ruling may cancel deferral of capital gains and result in immediate tax liabilities;
  • Potential for foreclosure – All financed real estate investments have potential for foreclosure; ·Illiquidity – Because 1031 exchanges are commonly offered through private placement offerings and are illiquid securities. There is no secondary market for these investments;
  • Reduction or Elimination of Monthly Cash Flow Distributions – Like any investment in real estate, if a property unexpectedly loses tenants or sustains substantial damage, there is potential for suspension of cash flow distributions;
  • Impact of fees/expenses – Costs associated with the transaction may impact investors’ returns and may outweigh the tax benefits
No offer to buy or sell securities is being made. Such offers may only be made to qualified accredited investors via private placement memorandum. Risks detailed in a private placement memorandum should be carefully reviewed, understood and considered before making such an investment. Prospective strategies and products used in any tax advantaged investment planning should be reviewed independently with your tax and legal advisors. Changes to the tax code and other regulatory revisions could have a negative impact upon strategies developed and recommendations made. Past performance and/or forward looking statements are never an assurance of future results. Many of the investments offered will be only available to those investors meeting the definition of an Accredited Investor under SEC Rule 501(A) and offered as Regulation D private placement securities via a Private Placement Memorandum (“PPM”). Prospective investors must receive, read and understand all of the risks associated with buying private placement securities. Investments are not guaranteed or FDIC insured and risks may include but are not limited to illiquidity, no guarantee of income or guarantee that all tax advantages or objectives will be met and complete loss of principal investment could occur.
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